Batteries and Environmental Protection
Potential contamination of used batteries has caused widespread concern in the community.laptop battery China is the world's number one dry battery producing and consuming nations, our data show that China currently has more than 1,400 battery manufacturers in 1980, the production of dry batteries volume has surpassed the United States and the largest in the world first. In 1998 the production of dry batteries in China amounted to 14 billion, while the same year the world's total production of dry batteries is about 30 billion.

Such a large quantity of batteries, making a big problem exposed, that is, how to make so many batteries do not destroy the environment pollution of our survival. According to our survey, used batteries containing heavy metals as well as the waste acid, waste alkali and other electrolyte solution. If you arbitrarily discarded batteries will destroy the corruption of the water, erosion of our survival crops and land, our environment is facing a huge threat. If the one on the 1st cell in the ground and rotting, it's toxic substances make one square meter of land to lose value; throw a coin battery into the water, which contains toxic substances which killed more than 60 million liters of water body pollution , equivalent to a person's life, water; used batteries containing heavy metals cadmium, lead, mercury, nickel, zinc, manganese, etc., in which cadmium, lead, mercury is a great harm to human body substances. The nickel, zinc and other metal although to a certain range of concentration is a useful material, 08K8198 but in the environment over the limit, but will also harm the human body. Waste batteries leaking heavy metals can cause rivers, lakes, sea and other bodies of water pollution, endangering the survival of aquatic and water use, an indirect threat to human health. Waste acid, waste alkali and so on could contaminate the electrolyte solution, so that land acidification and salinization, which decker around us like a time bomb. Therefore, the collection and disposal of used batteries is very important, if disposed of improperly, may be on the ecological environment and human health, cause serious harm. Randomly discard used batteries is not only pollute the environment, is also a waste of resources. Some people forget an account to the country's annual production of 10 billion batteries, annual consumption of 156,000 tons of zinc, 226,000 tons of manganese dioxide, 2080 tons of copper, 27,000 tons of zinc chloride, 79,000 tons ammonium chloride, 4.3 million tons of carbon rod. While advanced technology has given us the right direction, but the phenomenon of pollution in China's battery is still not optimistic. Most of China's 08K8197 current domestic waste has been mixed with used batteries together into the ground, over time, after the battery into decay, heavy metal leaching, both could contaminate groundwater bodies, they could contaminate soil and finally through a variety of ways to enter human food chain. Biological uptake of heavy metals from the environment through the food chain biomagnification, grade by grade in the higher organisms tens of thousands of times more enriched in, and then enter the human body through the food chain, and in some organs savings cause chronic poisoning, Japan Minamata disease is a typical case of mercury poisoning.

Batteries are generally divided into disposable batteries and rechargeable batteries. The main disposable batteries, including zinc-manganese batteries (zinc and manganese dioxide), zinc mercury batteries (zinc and mercury oxide) and lithium batteries and other several categories. The main rechargeable batteries include cadmium - nickel, iron - nickel, zinc - silver, zinc - air and lithium - iron sulfide and lead-acid batteries and so on. Our daily life is the most frequently used zinc-manganese batteries and zinc-mercury batteries, leaving the battery pollution is mainly caused by mercury (Hg) and cadmium (Cd).

Mercury toxicity

Mercury, which are commonly called "mercury" is a liquid at room temperature the material, can prevent the battery in the cathode zinc oxide, this approach to improve the storage life of the battery. Thus, as early as in the previous zinc used in batteries to do extremely overcast almost all do a certain amount of mercury preservative. However, the chemical combination of mercury and mercury have the neurotoxicity of endocrine system, immune system, also have an adverse effect, it will trigger people's slurred speech, unsteady gait, limb paralysis, leading to generalized convulsions, mental disorders and died.

For a long time, China in the production of dry batteries, it is necessary to join a toxic substance - mercury or mercury compounds. China's mercury in alkaline batteries up to 1% ~ 5%, 0.025% neutral dry-cell batteries, dry batteries every year for the production of dozens of tons of mercury amounted to much. As technology advances, the 92P1075 battery began to implement a low mercury and mercury-free, mercury substitutes Forafac fluorinated polymer surfactants in preventing the corrosion of zinc has achieved good results.

Discarded mercury batteries in nature will slowly overflow from the battery into the soil or water, and then under the action of microorganisms, inorganic mercury can be transformed into methylmercury, gathered in the fish's body, the human consumption of such fish , the methylmercury enters the human brain cells, people's nervous systems were severely damaged, in serious cases would be crazy to death. Well-known Minamata disease in Japan is caused by methylmercury.

Cadmium Toxicity

Cadmium is not a trace element necessary for the human body, the body of newborn babies, and there is no cadmium, but increased with age, and gradually accumulated. Cadmium with renal toxicity, which caused kidney damage is irreversible. At the same time after renal injury may also be secondary osteoporosis, osteomalacia and fractures. In 1993, the International Union Against Cancer will be set at IA level carcinogen cadmium. For these reasons, many developed countries have recommended a ban on the use of nickel-cadmium batteries and nickel-metal hydride battery has been replaced by nickel-cadmium batteries, avoiding the use of cadmium. In China, the vast majority of battery manufacturers are still using cadmium as raw material for production of the battery, making the battery further increase the dangers. Affected by long-term consumption of cadmium contaminated water and food,ThinkPad R40 can lead to bone pain and disease, cadmium into the body, causing osteomalacia skeletal deformities, and in severe form of natural fractures, and even die.

Manganese toxicity

Excessive levels of manganese accumulation in the body can cause neurological dysfunction, an early manifestation of an integrated sexual dysfunction, the emergence of heavier speech monotonous, dull expression, emotional indifference, accompanied by psychological symptoms.

Lead toxicity

Lead a major role in the nervous system, hematopoietic system, digestive system, and liver, kidney and other organs, can inhibit the synthesis of hemoglobin metabolism, but also directly on the mature red blood cells, for infants, young children much, it will lead to children's physical development retardation, chronic lead in the prime of childhood mental retardation.

Nickel toxicity

Nickel powder dissolved in the blood, to participate in the body circulation, with strong toxicity, can damage the central nervous system, ThinkPad R32 causing abnormal blood vessels, severe cases lead to cancer.

Zinc toxicity

Zinc is an essential element of the human body, less toxic, oral zinc sulfate 1000mg only people with acute poisoning, but the inhalation of zinc oxide dust can cause poisoning. Its symptoms are generalized fatigue, muscle pain, difficulty breathing, vomiting, diarrhea, severe heart weakness, prostration, convulsions died. Zinc sulfate, zinc chloride penetrated the skin mucous membrane, it can produce dermatitis and ulcers. Of zinc to fish and aquatic toxicity of the toxic than the people, so the water quality requirements for fishing in the water content of zinc per liter should not exceed 0.1mg.